Automatic chucking-lathe.



J. HARTNESS. AUTOMATIC UHUGKING LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.18,1U14 1,130,276. Patented Mar. 2. 1915.

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J. HARTNESS.

AUTOMATIG CHUGKING LATHE.

APPLIGATION FILED PEB.18,1U14.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915 B SHEBTS:;HEBT 3 i'xf zLt7tesse/s: iii/671,601

J. HARTNESS.

AUTOMATIC CHUBKING LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.1B, 15314 Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

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J. HARTNESS.

AUTOMATIC OHUOKING LATHE.

APPLIUATION IILED 11113.18 1914 1,1 30,276. Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

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JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

AUTOMATIC OHUCKING-LATHE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

Application fled February 18, 1914. Serial No. 819,439.

To all whom it ma concern:

Be it known t at I, JAMES Hau'rnnss, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Chucking-Lathes, of which the following is a specification.

The machine which forms the subjectmatter of this invention, is illustrated as an automatic chucking lathe; that is, an automatically controlled'lathe in which the work consists of detached pieces or castings which are held during operation by a chuck of any approved construction. But, so'far as certain features of the invention are concerned, it will be understood that they may be incorporated in various forms of screw or her working machines.

The object, generally speaking, of the invention is to secure proper movement and control of the tools or cutters with the simplest mechanism consistent with firmness of control.

A further object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of the tools about the Work, so that all the tools stand in close proximity thereto when not operating, whereby any one or more of them may quickly be brought to operating position,- and so that under certain conditions all of them may be brought simultaneously into operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a construction and arrangement of the tool-carrying mechanism by which aroughing cutter and finishing cutter may be mounted on the same holder. and the latter operated to impart differential movements of said cutters relatively to the work, so that the depth of cut of one may be increased without a proportionate increase in the depth of cut of the other. For example, by mounting a cutter carrier on an axis parallel to the axis of the work, and arranging the paths of oscillatory movements of the cuttersto intersect circles of different radii about the axis of the work, the movement of the carrier about its axis willcause one cutter to advance relatively deeper into the work than the other. If one cutter moves in an arc intersecting the-axis of the work and the other moves in an arc tangential to a circle inscribed about the work axis, it will be apparent that, with the same swing of the tool carrier, the first cutter will pass the second cutter in their feed toward the work axis. Preferably I arrange these out ters on the carrier so that the arc of movement of the finishing cutter will be tangential to a circle of smaller diameter about the work axis than the circle to which the arc of movement of the roughing cutter is tangential.

The invention has for its object to provide certain other improvements in the con struction and arrangements of parts in machines of the general character of those hereinbeforc referred to, all of which will be described in detail in connection with the drawings by which they are illustrated.

'On the drawings-Figure 1 represents in front elevation a machine which I have selectedas one form of an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 represents an elevation of the same looking from the left side. Fig. 3 represents a vertical section on the tortuous line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents a vertical transverse section through the machine. Fig. 5 illustrates a portion of the machine, being a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1 This view shows one of the cutter carriers or carriages and its feeding drum. Fig. 6 is a similar section on the line l 6 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 shows a rear elevation of the upper part of the machine with portions broken away from the line 77 of Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a view showing in detail how the controlling cams may be detachably secured to the drum. Fig. 9 represents a horizontal-section through the machine on the line 9-9 of Fig. 2. Fig. 10 represents a like section on a larger scale on the line 10-1O of Fig. 4. Fig. 11 represents a plan view of the machine. Fig. 12 represents a horizontal section on the line 12-42 of Fig. 2. Fig. 13 represents a horizontal section on the line 1313 of Fig. 3.

Before proceeding to describe the machine which is illustrated upon the drawings, I desire to have it understood that the drawings are conventional, that no attempt has been made to show the parts in their exact sizes or forms. or to show the exact cam paths which may be necessary for operation upon any particular piece of work. I also desire to have it understood, as previously stated, that the invention and the various portions thereof may be embodied in machines of other constructions than that illustrated, as will be readily appreciated by those who are skilled in the art to which this invention relates.

The machine is illustrated as of the upright type; that is, with the work piece arranged vertically and with the tool slides also movable vertically. This arrangement is of advantage in that the machine occupies less floor space than those of the horizontal type, but of course it will be readily appreciated that the machine could be arranged horizontally without affecting its operation should one find it desirable to do so.

Speaking generally, the machine is provided with a work holder or spindle having upon its upper end a chuck or any suitable work holder by which the iece of work may be attached to the spin lo, and removed when finished. By suitable mechanism to be explained, the work spindle may be driven at different speeds, the variations in speed being automatically controlled. On each side of the work spindle is mounted an ascillatory tool slide, each slide being controlled as to length feeds by a cam. The two tool slides are movable independently of each other lengthwise of the work and they are placed in close proximity to the chuck. Each slide is formed with a plurality of faces for the reception of cutting tools of various descriptions. The cam drums, which operate the tool slide, may be driven at different speeds by any convenient or suitable mechanism. Each tool slide. as previously indicated is adapted to oscillate about its axis to effect cross-feed of the tools, there being a cross-feeding mechanism for each tool slide controlled by the cam drum which effects the length of the slide. I have provided a novel and simple mechanism for swinging the tool slides about their axes of oscillation and for imparting the feeding thrust directly in line with the tools. In addition to the features which I have thus briefly referred to. I also provide various automatic controllers for bringing about changes in speed of the various movable parts of the machine. all as will be subsequently explained in detail.

The c-nsing.-The frame of the machine in general consists of an upright approximately rectangular casing comprising two sections or frames 50, 51. one placed above the other and firmly bolted or otherwise secured thereto. The lower frame rises from a base 52 which is pan-shaped to form a receptacle for the oil which passes through the machine. At the upper end of the upper section or frame there is a table 53 which closes the upper end of the casing, the interior of the casing being hollow to receive the operative parts. In the front and rear walls of the upper section or frame of the casing, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, there are large apertures 54 through which access may be had to the interior mechanism. In the lower portion or frame of the casing, there are formed apertures or doors wherever the same may be necessary. At the upper end of the lower frame of the casing, there is a transverse web' or partition 55 which, for convenience, I may term a bed plate.

The work holder.The work holder consists of a spindle 57 having on its upper end a chuck 58 in which a piece of work as at 59 may be secured. The chuck may be of any suitable construction that is adaptable for the purpose. The spindle is mounted in suitable bearings, the details of which it is unnecessary to describe. I ma call attention, however, to the fact that t ere are two bearings, as indicated at 60 and 61, the latter being secured in a web 62 and the former being secured in a block 63 located in an aperture in the transverse web or bed plate 55. As a detail of construction, it is to advantage to provide the block 63 with an nnular flange 64 extending into an annu ar groove in the under face of the chuck so as to prevent the access of chips and dirt to the bearings. The axis of the work spindle is approximately in the center of the casing and access may be had to the chuck through the doors or apertures 54. The spindle is provided with a bevel gear 65 intermeshing with and driven by a gear 66 on :1 lateral shaft 67. The power-transmitting connections by which the shaft 67 may be driven at different speeds will be subsequently explained. It is sufiicient at this time to state that cam-controlled clutches are utilized to cause the shaft 67 to be driven at either one of two speeds.

Tool slidca-The tool slides are two in number, as previously indicated, and they are arranged on both sides of the work spindle. Each slide consists of an upright sliding bar 69 and a tool holder (59 secured thereto and movable therewith. As the two tool slides are alike, the description of one will serve for both. The sliding bar 68 is cylindrical in form and it is slidingly mounted in two bearings 70, 71, the former being formed on the transverse horizontal web 55 and the latter being formed on the table 53. To prevent the acce s of dirt and chips to the bearings, each tool holder 69 is provided at its ends with sleeves 72, 73 which telescope the inwardly projecting ends of the bearings, as best shown in Fig. 4. It will be observed from Fig. 4 that each bearing or boss 70, 71 is closely adjacent the work holding chuck, and that the wall next the chuck is greatly reduced in thickness, so as to bring the periphery of the slide or rock bar close to the periphery of the chuck.and vet leave space for the telescoping sleeve. The result of this construction and arrangement is that springing or chattering of the cutters is prevented. Each tool holder 69 is in effect a lever of the first class, as shown in plan view in Fig. 13. It consists of a block which is secured by screws or other suitable fastenings 74 to the bar 68, and itis provided with a plurality of faces a, Z) and c at an angle to each other for the reception of tools or cutters. the latter being indicated as a whole respectively by the numerals 75, 7G and 77. The axes of the bars 68 and the work spindle are in the same vertical transverse plane. It will be observed that the faces I) of the work holders intersect the said plane and that the faces a and c are respectively in front of and in the rear of said plane and are at an acute angle thereto. Thus the tools 75 and 77 are arranged respectively in front of and in rear of the work upon the work holder. so that. by moving the front ends of the work holders inwardly. the tools 75 will be cross-fed toward the work. whereas the tool 77 will be moved correspondingly away from the work. and vice versa. This feature of the tool holders will be adverted to more at length in the latter part of this specification.

The mechanism for effecting the length feeds of the tool slides comprise two drums 78, 78. and I shall subsequently distinguish these two' drums by the terms right drum and left drum wherever there is necessity so to do. Each drum consists of a hub 79 having heads 80. 81. and a hollow cylindrical peripheral portion 82. y The hub of the drum isjournaled upon an upstanding stud shaft 83 rising from the table 53 in the rear of the machine. as shown in Figs. 6, 11 and 19. For convenience, the peripheral portion of each drum may be made in sections and it is detachable from the drum, interchangeable peripheral portions being utilised in accordance with the particular operations to be performed upon the work. The peripheral portion of each drum is provided with a cam groove 84 into which proiects a roll 85 journaled on a pin 86 projecting rearwardly from a sleeve 87 through which the upper end of the bar 68 passes. as shown in Fig. 6. The sleeve is held against axial movement relatively to the bar by a Shoulder RR on the bar and by a nut 89 screwed on the threaded end of the bar. there beinga washer 90 between the nut and the upper end of the sleeve 87. \Vhen the cam drum is rotated. the cam path therein will cause the tool slide to be vertically reciprocated. as will be readily understood. To prevent a rotation of the sleeve 87 when the sliding bar 68 is oscillated, I provide guides as indicated -tively to the work.

at 91. 92 for the two sleeves (see Figs. 11 and 12). Each guide consists of an upright bar or spindle socketed in the table 53, and each sleeve has an arm 93 grooved at its end to engage the bar. Thus, when the sleeve moves up and down, it is held against rotation.

By the means thus described. each tool slide is reciprocated lengthwise of the work axis, the distance to which each slide is fed being dependent upon the shape of the cam groove 84- in its controlling cam drum. By mechanism. which will be subsequently explained, the cams are rotated at different speeds. The cross-feed of each of the tool holders is likewise controlled by its corresponding cam drum. By an examination of Fig. 13. it will be observed that in the rear arm of each tool holder there is a large aperture 94 and that the rear inner wall of each aperture is provided with a rack or gear segment 95. Each rack is engaged by a complemental gear segment 96 which is rigidly secured to the lower end of a shaft 97. These two shafts are vertical and they are mounted in bearings 98 depending from the table as best shown in Fig. 3. By oscillating the shafts 97. the tool carriers will be oscillated through the medium of gear segments 96 and the racks 95. and thus the cutters or tools will be cross fed relsr For the purpose oi? oscillating each shaft 97. it is provided at its upper end with an arm 99 lying in a de pression in the table 53. said arm 99 having a roll which lies in a cam groove 100 formed in a cam disk 101 secured to the lower head 81 of the cam drum. The cam disks 101 are detachable, the machine being provided with a plurality of interchangeable disks which may be used according to the character of the work to be accomplished. The lower head of each drum is conveniently socketed to receive the cam disk 101, the latter being held in place by detachable screws or other fastenings 102. As each cam drum is rotated. the oscillatory cross-feed shafts 97 will be moved in one direction or the other about their axes to ellect the cross-feed of the tools relatively to the work.

It should be noted that the shafts 97 and gear segments 96 thereon are axially immovable, and for this reason the racks 95 are of such width vertically that during the vertical length feeding movements of the tool holders. the segments and racks will not be disengaged, the racks during such movement sliding relatively to the segments. The thrust of the segments upon the tool holders is therefore at all times approximately in line with the thrust of the tools upon the work. and the segments thus provide an abutment for directly resisting the rearward thrust of the tools.

0am rotating mechanism-The lower head of each cam drum is provided with peripheral gear teeth which constitute a large gear as indicated at 103. Power is transmitted to these gears from two upright shafts which are best shown in Fig. *1 and which are indicated at 105, respectively. These shafts are mounted in suitable bearings afforded by the table and the cross web 55. On its upper end, each shaft is provided with a pinion 106 intermeshing with a larger gear 107011 a stud shaft 108 projecting upwardly from the table, as shown in Fig. 12. compounded with the gear 107 is a smaller pinion 109 which intermeshes with the gear 103. These two shafts 105 may he driven at different speeds as will be now explained. By an examination of Figs. 3, 4, 9 and 10, it will be observed that running transversely through the lower section of the casing, there is what may be termed a prime power shaft 110. Power is applied to this shaft from a belt pulley 111 which is mounted loosely on the shaft and is adapted to be connected thereto by a friction clutch mechanism which will be ex lained. It is sufficient now to say that rigidly secured upon the shaft are; two spiral gears 112, 112 intermeshing with and driving two complemental gears 113 on the two shafts 105. The spiral gears 113 are loose upon the shafts 105 but they may be clutched thereto by positive clutch members 114 which are splined on the shafts 105 and which are adapted to engage complemental clutch teeth formed on the hubs of the gears 113. When the gears 113 are clutched to the shaft 105, the latter and the drums which are driven thereby are driven at high speed, this being usually when the tools have completed their cut and are being fed backwardly into position to begin a fresh cut. The operation of the clutches 114 is automatically controlled by the cam drum 78 herein before referred to.

The mechanisms, by which the operations of the clutches are efi'ected are the same and I shall therefore describe only one of them.

By an examination of Fig. 4, it will be seen that each clutch is engaged by a pivoted yoke 115. From the yoke, a connecting rod 116 projects upwardly through the casing to a lever 117, the latter in each case being pivoted to an upright bar 118 projecting upwardly from the table in roximity to its cam drum. The lever 11 is provided with a roll 119 which is adapted to ride upon the upper headof the cam drum 78. This upper head, as shown in Figs. 6 and 8, has a wide circumferential groove 120 in which are secured the cam segments 121. I will explain subsequently how these are secured in place, but it is suflicient to state at the present time that the cam segments are adjustable about the axis of the cam drum, are interchangeable, and that as many may be used as may be desired. These segments project above the surface of the upper head 80, and, as the cam drum rotates, the lever 117 will be raised and lowered to throw out or in the clutch 114 so as to connect the upright shaft 105 with the prime power shaft. In order that the cam drums may be driven at a lower speed, I provide another train of gearing between them and the prime power shaft 110. This train of mechanism comprises a clutch mechanism on the end of the shaft 110 which projects beyond the left side of the casing. The clutch mechanism consists of a rimmed clutch wheel 122 in which is an internal split clutch ring 123 spread in frictional engage ment with the wheel 122 by a radial pin 124. The latter projects through the hub of a frictional ring carrier 125 into the hollow end of the shaft 110. The pin is adapted to be thrust outwardly by a slide 126 against which a spring 127 socketed in the shaft 110 engages. The slide 126 is moved against the tension of the spring by a hub 128 having a cross-pin 129 extending through slots in the shaft 110 and engaged with the hub as shown in Fig. 10. The sleeve or hub 128 is actuated by a bell crank lever 130 (see Fig. 4) pivoted at its angle in a suitable support. One arm of the bell crank engages the sleeve or hub and the other arm is connected by an upright connecting rod 131 (see Fig. 2) with a lever 132 pivoted to the upright 118 at the left side of the ma chine. The arm or lever 132 carries a roll 133 adapted to engage cam segments 131 affixed in the upper head of the left-hand cam drum 78. These cam segments, like those previously referred to, are segmental, interchangeable and adjustable. T hey are arranged in the groove 120 in the head of the drum, as shown in Fig. 8, and they occupy a circle concentric with but outside of that occupied by the cam segments 121. The cam pieces or segments are held in place in the groove by a clamping ring 135 which is undercut on the sides to engage bevel portions at the bases of the segments. The looking ring 135 is secured in place by screws 136. The ring 135 may be made in sections, if desired.

Returning now to the clutch wheel 122, which is automatically clutched to the shaft 110 or unclutched therefrom as the case may be by the cam segments and the connections comprising the bell crank. connecting rod and the lever 132, it will be seen that said clutch wheel is keyed to a Pinion 137 which intermeshes with and drives a gear 138 on a shaft 139 parallel to that at 110, as best shown in Figs. 9 and 10. By the reducing change gears 137, 138, the shaft 67 is driven at a slower speed than the prime power shaft 110. The slow speed shaft 67 is ada ted to drive the two upright cam-drumriving shafts 105. To this end, it will be seen that the shaft 67 has a worm 140 engaging and driving a worm wheel 141 on a shaft 142 extending from front to rear of the machine at the left side thereof. At its rear end, the shaft 142 carries a spiral gear 143 intermeshing with and driving a similar gear 144 on a shaft 145 arranged in the rear portion of the casing, see Figs. 3, 4, 9 and 10. At its right end, the shaft 145 has a spiral gear 146 engaging and driving a similar gear 147. These two shafts 142, 148 are, by the intermediate shafting and gearing just described, driven at the same speed. The two shafts 142, 148 project forwardly through the front wall of the casing and they are connected respectively by change gears 149, 150, 151, 152 with shafts 153, 154. These latter shafts are directly below those at 142 and 148 respectively and they are provided with worms r 155, 156 intermeshing with and driving worm wheels 157, 158 which are mounted loosely upon the two upright driving shafts 105, 105. compounded with each worm wheel 157, there is a ratchet clutch of any suitable or usual type. These clutches are conventionally indicated at 1580, 159 respectively. I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate or describe in detail the construction of the ratchet clutches, as there are several well known ratchet clutches which may be used. \Vhen the shafts 105 are driven directly by the high-speed prime power shaft, said shafts 105 wili rotate more rapidly than the worm wheeis thereon, the ratchcts slipping by the ratchet teeth. When, however, the said shafts 105 are disconnected from the prime power shaft, then the ratchet clutches take up the work of ro tating the said shafts at a slower speed. As

'- thus far described, the cams may be driven tween this gear wheel and the shaft 67 there is a ratchet clutch indicated at 162, the latter being rigidly secured to the shaft and the gear 161 being loose thereon. By this means, when theclutch wheel 12:? is disconnected from the shaft 110, so that the shaft 139 is no longer driven through the medium of the gears 137 and 138, said shaft 67 will be driven at a slow speed through the medium of the gears 160, 161 in the ratchet clutch 162. In this way, it is possible to drive the cam drums either at a high speed, a low speed or an intermediate speed.

Mechanism for operating the work spindle-I have previously stated that the work spindle 57 is provided with a bevel gear 65 driven by the gear 66 on the shaft 67. In the preceding section of this specification, I have shown how the shaft 67 is driven at either of two speeds; that is, by the gears 137, 138 or by the gears 160, 161. Thus the speed of rotation of the spindle is controlled by the left-hand cam drum which operates the clutch slide 126 by which the gear 137 is clutched or disconnected from the main power shaft 110. Although I have described in detail the particular power-transmitting connections with which the illustrated machine is provided for effecting the driving of the work spindle and the cam drums at different speeds, yet it will be understood that I am not limited to the particular mechanism which I have shown, as any other mechanism may be utilized which will serve the purpose.

Automatic stop tkrw-off.-As the machine is illustrated as belng particularly adapted for chucking work and it is thus necessary manually to place the piece of work in the chuck and remove it therefrom, I have equipped the machine with mechanism by which the rotation of the work spindle and cam drums is stopped when the working operations have been completed. 1 have already briefly referred to the fact that on the right-hand end of the prime power shaft there is a clutch mechanism. As a convenient device for this purpose, I employ a disk clutch indicated as a whole at 170, this being located outside of the belt pulley 111, which, as previously stated, is loose on the prime power shaft 110. It is unnecessary to describe in detail the particular form of clutch more than to say that it is operated by a slide rod 171 located in the hollow end of the shaft 110.

When this rod is moved to the right, the pulley is clutched to the shaft, and conversely when it is moved to the left the pulley is unclutched. The slide rod itself is connected by a cross-pin 173 with a sleeve 174 on the shaft 110, as shown in Figs. 4 and 10. The sleeve is.operated by a yoke 175 which has :1 depending arm 176 to which is connected a tension spring 177 by which the yoke may he swung to the left so as to unclutch the main pulley 111 from the shaft 110. The yoke 17.: as well as the yoke 115 on the same side of the machine, as shown in Fig. 9. are mounted upon a rock shaft 178, the yoke 115 being loose thereon but the yoke 175 being rigidly secured thereto. On the front end of the rock shaft 178 which projects through the front wall of the easing there is a handlever 179 by which it may be rocked manually. There is secured to the sleeve 174 a beveled brake disk 180, which, when the sleeve is moved to the left, engages a stationary socketed brake member 18 which is rigidly secured in the frame. Hence, when the main pulley is unclutched, the brake is thrown into operation to stop the rotation of the main shaft. In order to hold the main clutch in its operative position, the handle lever 179 has an oscillatory knife-edge stop 182 adapted to engage a complemental stop 183, a shown in Fig. 3, the latter being mounte upon the front wall of the casing. The stop 182 is oscillator and has connected with it a handle 184 by which it may be rocked to reiease the lever 179 and permit it to be swung to disconnect the clutch and throw in the brake. The oomplemental stop 183 is likewise capable of oscillation and is socured upon the end of a rock shaft 185 (see Figs. 3 and 9) which has an arm 186 connected by an upright connecting rod 187. The latter projects upwardly through the table 53 and at its upper end it is connected to an arm 188 on a rock shaft 189, as shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 11. The rock shaft 189 is mounted in a frame indicated as a whole at 190 and is attached to the upright bar 92 which has been previously described. The frame projects toward the right-hand drum and the rock shaft 189 has an arm 191 provided with a roll 192 which rests upon the upper head of the right-hand cam drum. A cam piece 193 is afiixed to the drum so that once during each rotation of the drum the cam piece will engage the roll 192, rock the shaft 189, and through the connecting rod 18? rock the stop 183 and release the clutch lever or starting lever 179. Of course it will be understood that the cam piece 193 is adjustable so that it will operate the knock-oil mechanism only when the operations upon the work have been completed.

Boring tool.--I have shown the machine as being provided with a tool for boring or internally turnin the work. Such tool comprises a slide iar 194 to which may be secured either a drill or a turning tool as shown at 195. This slide is mounted eccentrically in a rotatable bushing or sleeve 196 placed in a bearing 197 formed in the table and having its axis coincident with the axis of the work spindle. By rotatively adjusting the sleeve, the tool or cutter may be adjusted transversely of the axis of the work. The slide 194 has rack teeth, as shown at 1197, which are engaged by a pinion 198 on a shaft 199 equipped with a hand wheel 200 by which it may be rotated. In lieu of providin the slide 194 with a cutter or other form 0% tool, it may, if desired, be

equipped with a tail center without departing cm the spirit and scope of the invention.

Roughing and finishing cutters-Referring now to Fig. 13, I desire to call attention to certain results which are secured by the employment of an oscillatory too] holder or tool carrier such as shown at 69. I have already stated that 75 and 76 indicate'respectively a finishing cutter and a roughing cutter. It will be observed that the point of the finishing cutter is so located that, when the tool holder 69 at the left side is oscillated to move said cutter in wardly, its path of motion will approximately intersect the axis of the work. On the other hand, the roughing cutter 76 is much nearer a plane connecting the axes of the work and of the tool carrier than the point of the tool 75, and furthermore it is located much nearerthe center of oscillation of the tool carrier than the point of 0s cillation of the tool 75. Thus the path of movement of the roughing cutter ,would be tangential to a circle not greatly less in diameter than the periphery of the work. As a result of this arrangement, it will be seen that, when the tool holder is first moved inwardl the roughing cutter will enga e the wor while the finishin cutter is still out of engagement with it, ut, as the tool holder is moved still farther about its axis, the point of the finishing cutter reaches the depth of the cut of the roughing cutter and gradually overtakes it, the depth of its out gradually increasing without a corresponding increase in the depth of the cut made by the roughing cutter. Thus, when the holder is brought to the work with the finishing tool standing away about of an inch, the roughing tool may be in engagement with the work. The tool holder may be moved inwardly step by step until finally the finishing cutter begins to cut and after a time is cutting the work without the engagement of the roughing cutter with the work at all.

By providing a slidable oscillatory tool carrier, 1 am able to place upon the carrier a plurality of tools, and, by oscillating the carrier, to cause first one set and then the other set to engage the work. All of those on one side of the work may be operating simultaneously, whereas, on the other hand, all of the sets of tools u on each carrier may be brought progressive y into operative engagement with the work. For example, all of the tools upon the face 0 may be set to engage the work first; then, when the holder is oscillated, the tools on the face I) will be brought into engagement with the work; and, finally, with a still further oscillatory movement of the holder, the tools on the face a may be brought to engage the work.

By mounting the points of the tools at differcnt distances from the center of oscillation of the tool holder, the speeds at which they advance toward the work vary one from the other, those which are farthest from the center moving more rapidly than those which are nearer the center. While the aths of movement of the cutters are curvilinear, as herein described, yet they may he rectilinear and accomplish the same result, so long as the path of movement of the roughing cutter is tangential to a circle about the work axis having a greater radius than the circle to which thepath of movement of the finishing cutter is tangential. Hence, while certain features of my invention as herein claimed include the mounting of the tool slide or holder to oscillate, as well as to reciprocate axially, for securing certain advantages, yet, so far as other features are concerned, it will be apparent that I am not limited to a curvilinear movement of the tool slide or holder to cross-feed the tools It is evident, of course, that, while the various cams on each side of the machine are all sup orted by or form a part of an 'element w ich I have for convenience termed a cam drum, yet it would not constitute a'departure from the invention were the several, sets of cams supported upon independent carriers. It is only for compactness and simplicity of construction and convenience that these parts are all assembled to form a drum-like structure. Hence, when I refer to the cam drum, I mean by such term to include various mechanical equivalents thereof, whether or not the various cams all form part of a unitary structure.

I may call attention to the fact that the tool holders are adjustable longitudinally of and rotatively about their supporting slide bars, so that they may be properly located for work of different lengths, and also that the cam drums are easily detached so that they may be replaced by others properly cammed for a particular piece of work. In this connection, it may be stated that, although manyof the parts of the machine are adjustable, it is intended that the machine as a whole as shown be particularly applicable for reproducing many duplicates of a single piece of work. If desired, the machine may to equipped with a plurality of interchang alilc (am drums, each cannned for a particular piece of work. The caniniiug of course is such as to secure rapid. reverse mevcuu-nts of the tool slides and relatiiely slow advancing movements, stepny-slep cross-feeding movements of the tools, a high or low speed of rotation of the work spindle according to the character of the tool or of the operation being performed, and the presentation of the tools to the work simultaneously or in proper sequence as may be desired. The em loyment of change gears in the mechanism or transmitting movement to the cam drums provides or a relatively wide range in speed thereof.

Having thus explained the nature of my said invention and described a way of making and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may he made or all of the modes of its use, what I claim is:

1. A lathe comprising a spindle, a tool slide provided with means for the reception of a plurality of tools, means for reciprocating said tool slide lengthwise of the spindle axis to obtain a length feed of the tools, and means for ositively oscillating said tool slide to obtaln a cross-feed of the tools in either direction, said means being operable in sequence, whereby the tools may be first positioned to the work and then fed lengthwise thereof.

2. A lathe'comprising a work spindle, a tool slide adapted to oscillate about a center approximately parallel with the axis of the work spindle, means for positively oscillating said slide about its center in opposite directions to advance the tool toward and from the work, and means for axially reciprocating said tool slide in lines parallel to the spindle axis.

3. A lathe comprising a work spindle, a tool slide adapted to oscillate about a center approximately parallel with the axis of the work spindle, cutters on opposite sides of said center, a cam drum, means operated by said drum for axially reciprocating said slide, and means operated by said cam drum for positively oscillating said tool slide in opposite directions about its center to select and advance the desired cutter to cutting position.

4. A lathe comprising a frame, a work spindle journaled in said frame, separated hearings on the frame, a slide mounted to slide in said hearings in parallelism to the spindle axis, a tool holder movable with the slide and arranged between said hearings to oscillate about a center parallel with said axis.

5. A lathe comprising a work spindle, a slide har parallel thereto, means for longitudinally reciprocating said bar, a tool holder mounted on said slide bar and longi iudinally adjustable thereon, oppositely arranged tools on said holder. and means for ated by said cam drum for positively oscillating said slide bar and tool holder in oppo site directions.

7. A lathe comprising a work spindle, a tool holder movahle about an axis parallel to the work spindle, tools on the said holder on opposite sides of said axis, means by which said tools are caused to travel lengthwise of the work and means for swinging said tool holder )ositively about its axis to position either 01 the tools relatively to the work, and to cross-feed the positioned tools.

8. A lathe comprising a work spindle, and oscillatory tool holders on opposite sides of the spindle, the axes of the tool holders and of the work spindle being arranged in approximately the same plane, oppositely arranged tools on each holder, and means for axially reciprocating said holders independently of each other.

9. A lathe comprising a work spindle, oscillatory tool holders on opposite sides of said spindle and having their axes in a plane with the axis of the work spindle, oppositely arranged tools on each of said holders on both sides of said plane, and means for moving said holders axially independently of each other.

10. A lathe comprising a work spindle, oscillatory tool holders on opposite sides of said spindle and having their axes in a plane with the axis of the work spindle, tools on each of said holders on both sides of said plane, and means for oscillating and reciprocating said tool holders independently of each other.

11. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide having tools on opposite sides of the plane of said axes and means for axially reciprocating said slide to cause said tools to turn the work.

19.. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide having tools on opposite sides of the plane of said axes, variable speed mechanism, and means for oscillating said tool slide about its axis and reciprocating it axially.

12%. A lathe romprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide having tools on opposite sides of the plane of said axes. and means including a cam carrier for oscillating and reciprocating said tool slide relatively to said spindle to position one or the other of the tools and then move it lengthwise of the work.

ll. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide having tool-receiving provisions on opposite sides of the plane of said axes, means for moving said slide about its axis in either direction to advance the selected tool to cutting position. and means for moving said slide axially to feed the tool lengthwise of the work.

15. A lathe comprising a work spindle. an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide inning a tool-receiving face transecting the plane of the said axes, and toolreceiving faces on opposite sides of said plane.

10. i. lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, said slide having a tool-receiving face transecting the plane of the said axes, and tool-receiving faces on opposite sides of said plane and angularly disposed to the first-mentioned face,

17. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory and axially reciprocatory tool slide having its axis approximately parallel to the axis of the work spindle, and provided with segmental rack teeth, a stationary gear intermeshing with said rack teeth for ositively oscillating said slide in opposite irections, and means for reciprocating said slide.

18. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide having oppositely arranged tools, said slide having its axis approximately parallel to the axis of the work spindle, and being provided with segmental rack teeth, means for reciprocating said slide axially, and an axiaily immovahl gear in slidin engagement with said rack teeth for oscillating said slide positively about its axis in either direction to crossfeed either too].

19. A lathe comprising a work spindle an oscillatory tool slide having its axis approximately parallel to the axis of the work spindle, and provided with rack teeth, means for reciprocating said slide axially, an axially innnovable gear in sliding engagement with said rack teeth for oscillating said slide about its axis. and a cam for controlling the operation of said gear.

:50. A lathe comprising a work spindle, an oscillatory tool slide having its axis apprmzimately parallel to the axis of the work spindle, and provided with rack teeth, a ram drum, an axially immovable gear slidingly intermeshed with said rack teeth, means operated by said cam drum for oscillating said gear, and means operated by Said cam drum for axially reciprocating said tool slide.

21. A lathe comprising a frame having oppositely projecting hearings, a bar slidable and oscillatahle in said bearings, a tool holder aflixed to said bar, and sleeves on said holder for telescoping with said bearin s.

22. i lathe comprising a work spindle, a tool slide mounted to oscillate about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle and also to reciprocate axially, a cam drum, means operated by said drum to impart said described movements to said slide, and means controlled by the drum for driving said drum at different speeds of rotation.

23. A lathe comprising a work spindle, a tool slide mounted to oscillate about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle and also to reci rocate axially, a cam drum, means operate by said drum to impart said described movements to said slide, means controlled by the drum for driving said drum at different speeds of rotation, and means controlled by said cam drum for rotating the work spindle at different speeds.

24. A lathe comprising a single work spindle, a plurality'of tool slides each mounted to move about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle, a cam drum for each slide, and means controlled by each drum ,for reciprocating the corresponding slide axially and for oscillating it about its axis.

25. A lathe comprising a work spindle, a plurality of tool slides each mounted to move about an axis arallel to the axis of the work spindle, an cam-controlled mechanisms for axially reciprocatin and oscillating said slides indpii'dent ly of each other, whereby the tools on said slides may be caused to operate in sequence or simultaneously as desired.

26. A lathe comprising a single work spindle, a plurality of tool slides each mounted to move about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle, a cam drum for each slide, meansfcontrolled by each drum for reciprocating the corresponding slide axially and for oscillating it about itsaxis, and means for driving said drums independently of each other.

21A lathe comprising a single work spindle, a plurality of tool slides each mounted to move about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle, a cam drum for each slide, means controlled by each drum for reciprocating the. corresponding slide axially and for oscillating it about its axis, a common drive shaft, and speedchanging mechanism between said shaft and each of said drums for imparting different speeds of rotation to said drums.

28, A lathe comprising a single work spindle, a plurality of tool slides each mounted to move about an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle, a cam drum for each slide, means controlled by each drum for reciprocating the corresponding slide axially and for oscillating it about its axis a common drive shaft, speed-changing mechanism between said shaft and each of said drums, and means controlled by each drum for controlling its corresponding speed-chan 'ng mechanism.

'29. A lat e comprising a plurality of tool carriers mounted to oscillate about independent axes and to reciprocate axially independentl of 7 each other, oppositely arranged too s on each carrier, a work spindle centrally disposed with reference to said tool carriers, and instrumentalities by which certain of. the tools on said carriers may be selected and caused to operate upon the work carried by the spindle either in sequence or simultaneously.

30. A lathe comprising a plurality of tool carriers mounted to oscillate about independent axes and to reciprocate axially independently of each other, a work spindle centrally disposed with reference to said tool carriers, and a cam mechanism for controlling the oscillation and reciprocation of each of the tool carriers independently of the other.

31. A lathe comprising a plurality of tool carriers mounted to oscillate about inde-. pendent axes and to reciprocate axially independently of each other, a work spindle centrally isposed with reference to said tool carriers, a cam drum corresponding to each tool carrier, instrumentalities controlled by each drum for oscillating and reciprocating its corresponding tool carrier, and means controlled by each drum for driving it at varying speeds.

32. A lathe comprising an upright frame. a work spindle, a reciprocatory tool carrier mounted to oscillate on an axis parallel to the axis of the work spindle, an upstanding stud on the frame, a cam drum journaled on the stud and detachable therefrom, and means mounted in the frame and controlled by said drum for oscillating and reciprocating said tool carrier.

33. A lathe comprising a plurality of reciprocatory tool slides mounted to oscillate about parallel axes, a cam drum for controllin the reciprocation and oscillation of each slide, parallel shafts geared to said drums respectively, a common )OWQ! shaft, speed-changing driving connections between said power shaft and each of said paralh-l shafts, and means controlled by each drum for controlling the operation of its wni'cspending speed-changingnnu-hunisnu whorehy each drum may be driven at a speed di l fcrent from that at which another is driven.

34-. A lathe comprising a work spindle. a plurality 7 work spindle, a slide in alinemcnt with the work spindle, means for moving said slide toward and from the work spindle, and an of tool slides grouped about the 1:?

iii)

eccentric bushing for laterally adjusting said slide.

35. The combination with a work spindle, of a tool carrier pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, cutters on said carrier adapted to be moved therewith in arcs toward and intersecting the plane of said axes, said cutters being arranged at dilierent distances from the axis of oscillation of said tool carrier.

36. l'he combination with a work spindle, of a tool carrier pivoted on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, cutters on said carrier adapted to be moved therewith in arcs toward and intersecting the plane of said axes, said cutters being arranged at different distances from the axis of oscillation of said tool carrier and on the same side of said plane.

37. An oscillatory tool carrier, means for mounting said carrier to swing about an axis, and a plurality of cutters on said carrier arranged at different distances from the axis of movement of said carrier, whereby they may be caused to engage the work sequentially when moving in the same direction about said axis.

38. An oscillatory tool carrier, means for mounting said carrier to swing about an axis, and a plurality of cutters on said carrier arranged at different distances from the axis of movement of said carrier and arranged in different radii from said axis, whereby they may be caused to engage the work sequentially when moving in the same direction about said axis.

39. A tool carrier, a roughing cutter thereon, a finishing cutter thereon, means for mounting and operating said carrier in one direction to cause the finishing cutter during the movement of the carrier to reach and pass the depth of cut of said roughing cutter.

40. For employment with a work holder rotatable about an axis, a tool carrier laterally movahle in a path tangential to a circle circumscribed about the axis of said spindle, and a roughing cutter and a finishing cutter mounted on said carrier to move therewith and successively to engage the work, said cutters being so disposed on said carrier that the path of movement of the roughing cutter is tangential to a circle circumscribed about the axis of the work greater than the circle to which the finishing cutter is tangential.

41. For employment with a work holder rotatable about an axis, a tool carrier, means for ivoting said carrier between its ends and liaving tool-receiving ortions, of which one lies between the axis 0 the work spindle and the axis of said carrier and the others are on opposite sides of the plane of said axes.

42. The combination with a work spindle, of a tool carrier, means for pivoting said tool carrier between its ends to oscillate about an axis parallel to the axis of said spindle, tools mounted on said carrier on both sides of the plane of said axes, said tools having cutters with their cutting ed es projecting toward said plane and means or reciprocating said tool carrier longitudinally of its axis of oscillation.

-13. A lathe comprising in combination a. work spindle, an oscillatory and axially reciprocating slide bar, mounted in proximity to the work spindle, a tool holder on the slide bar, a frame having a bearing for the work spindle, a bearing for the slide bar, and a sleeve movable with the tool holder and adapted to overlap the slide bar bearing.

44. A lathe comprising anupright work spindle having a work holder on the top end thereof, rock bars arranged on opposite sides of the work holder, :1 tool holder on each bar, cam mechanism for oscillating said bars independently of each other about their axes, and cam mechanism for axially reciprocating one of said bars independently of t e other.

45. A lathe comprising a frame having a substantially horizontal bed plate, an upright work spindle passing through the bed plate, a work holder on the upper end of the spindle above the bed plate, mechanism below the bed plate for rotating the work spindle, oscillatory tool holders on opposite sides of the axis of the work holder above the bed plate, mechanism above the bed plate for oscillating said tool holders, and mechanism forreciprocating one of said tool holders axially relatively to the other.

46. A lathe comprising two upright parallel bars, each provided with a tool holder, an upright work spindle having on its upper end a work holder and located with its axis between said bars, mechanism-for positively oscillating said bars about their axes, and mechanism for reciprocating one of said bars axially rela ively to the other.

47. A lathe comprising a spindle having a work holder thereon, oscillatory bars arranged on opposite sides of the axis of the work spindle, a tool holder on each bar projecting laterally in opposite directions from the axis of such bar, and cutters on each tool holder on opposite sides of the axis thereof. and mechanism for automatically rocking said bars first in one direction to advance certain cutters and then in the opposite direction to advance other cutters, said tool holders being so arranged that a cutter on each may operate on the work at the same time with a cutter on the other.

48. A lathe comprising an upright rotary work holder, an oscillatory tool holder having cutters on both sides of its axis of oscillation, means for rocking said tool holder to move said cutters alternately to cutting position, means for axially reciprocating said tool holder while said cutters are held 1n cutting position, a power shaft and operative connections therefrom to the work holder and both said means.

49. A lathe comprising a frame, an upright work spindle, a work holder on said spindle, oscillatory tool holders having upright axes of movement on opposite sides of the spindle axis, rocking bars on which said tool holders are supported, said bars and said work spindle extending in opposite directions, cam mechanism located above the plane of the work holder for oscillating the said bars, and mechanism below the plane of the work holder for rotating the work holder.

50. A lathe comprising an upright work spindle having a chuck on the upper end thereof, upright rock bars on opposite sides of the axis of the work spindle, a tool holder carried by each bar and having means for the reception of cutters on op osite sides of a plane connecting the axis 0 such bar and the axis of saidv spindle, mechanism for antomatically rocking each bar and tool holder to bring said cutters thereon alternately into cutting position, driving means connected with said mechanisms for causing said mechanisms to be actuated concurrently, a bar alined with the chuck and having a tool on the end thereof, and means for reciproeating said last mentioned bar relatively to the other bars.

51. In a lathe, the combination with a rotatable work holder, of a shaft, a tool holder thereon and movable about an axis parallel to and in relatively close proximity to the work holder, said tool holder having integral portions projecting in opposite directions from the plane of the axes of the work holder and the tool holder, cutters located on said integral portions on opposite sides of said plane, and cam mechanism for positively oscillating said tool holder in opposite directions first to advance one cutter to o erate on the work while the other is wit drawn and vice versa.

52. In a lathe, the combination with a rotatable work holder, of a tool holder pivoted upon an axis parallel to and in relatively close proximity to the work holder, said tool holder having integral portions projecting in opposite directions from the plane of the axes of the work holder and the tool holder, cutters located on said integral portions on opposite sides of said plane, cam mechanism for oscillating said tool holder in opposite directions first to advance one cutter to the work while the other is withdrawn and vice versa, and mechanism for automatically reciprocating said tool holder axially to feed eithekr cutter lengthwise of the axis of the wor 53. A lathe comprising a lower frame having a bed plate, a chuck above the bed plate and an associated spindle projecting below the bed plate, change speed mechanism below the bed plate for driving the spindle at different speeds, oscillatory tool holders on opposite sides of the chuck and associated rock bars extending away from the bed plate, an upper frame secured to the lower frame, cam-mechanism supported by the upper frame for axially reciprocating one of said rock bars relatively to the other, and cam mechanism supported by said upper frame for oscillating said bars about their axes in sequence or simultaneously as desired.

54. A lathe comprising a frame having on its upper end a substantially horizontal bed plate, a spindle projecting downwardly through said bed plate, mechanism in said frame below the bed plate for rotating said spindle, a chuck on said spindle located above the bed plate, two upright rock bars having tool holders arranged to rock in opposite directions, cam-operated mechanism above the bed plate for rocking said bars and holders, and cam-operated mechanism above the bed plate for axially reci rocating one of said bars axially relative y to the other.

55. A lathe comprising a frame having on its upper end a substantially horizontal bed plate, a spindle projecting downwardly through said bed plate, mechanism in said frame below the bed plate for rotating said spindle, a chuck on said spindle located above the bed plate, two upright rock bars having tool holders arranged to rock in opposite directions. cam-operated mechanism above the bed plate for rocking said bars and holders, cam-operated mechanism above the bed plate for axially reciprocating one of said bars axially relatively to the other, and cutters on each of said tool holders on opposite sides of the axis thereof whereby such cutters may be presented alternately to the work.

56. A lathe comprising a rotary work holder, two oscillatory tool holders arranged on opposite sides of the work holder, each tool holder extending on opposite sides of a plane connecting the axis thereof and the axis of the work holder, cutters on each tool holder on opposite sides of said plane, automatic mechanism for oscillating each tool holder to advance one and withdraw another of the cutters thereon, said, automatic mechanism being effective for causing the concurrent operation of said tool holders, substantially as set forth.

57. A lathe comprising a frame having a projecting boss or bearing, a spindle having a work holder closely adjacent said boss, the wall of said boss next adjacent the work holder being reduced in thickness. a slide bar journaled in said boss, a tool holder formed on or secured to said slide bar, and mechanism for oscillating said slide bar.

58. A lathe comprising a frame having a projecting boss or hearing, a spindle having a work holder closely adjacent said boss, the Wall of said boss next adjacent the Work holder being reduced in thickness, a slide bar journaled in said boss, a tool holder formed on or secured to said slide bar, and mechanism for reciprocating said slide bar. 59. A lathe comprising a frame having 21 projecting boss or bearing, a spindle having a work holder closely adjacent said boss, the wall of said boss next adjacent the work holder being reduced in thickness, a slide bar journaled in said boss, 9. tool holder formed'on or secured to said slide bar, and a sleeve on the holder telescoping said boss.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses:

RALPH E- FLANDERS,

J. W. WALKER.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,130,276, granted March 2,

1915, upon the application of James Hartnese, of Springfield, Vermont, for an improvement in Automatic Chucking-Lathes errors appear in the printed specification as follows: Page 2, line 43, after the word length insert the word feed; page 8, line 48, before the word variable insert the word and; same page and line, after the word speed insert the word cam; same page, lines 48-49,

strike out the words and means; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 23rd day of March, A. D., 1915.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patanta.

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